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Basalt in the outer space: Lunar and Martian basalt

 

The dark areas visible on Earth's moon, the lunar maria, are plains of flood basaltic lava flows. These rocks were sampled by the manned American Apollo program, the robotic Russian Luna program, and are represented among the lunar meteorites.

Lunar basalts differ from their terrestrial counterparts principally in their high iron contents. They also possess a stunning range of titanium concentrations. Traditionally, lunar basalts are classified according to their titanium content.

Lunar basalts show exotic textures and mineralogy. While most of the Moon’s basalts erupted between about 3 and 3.5 billion years ago, the oldest samples are 4.2 billion years old, and the youngest flows are estimated to have erupted only 1.2 billion years ago.

Basalt is also a common rock on the surface of Mars, as determined by data sent back from the planet's surface and by Martian meteorites.

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